Do I Neeed to Upload Low Res Image for Human Molecular Genetics

Figures

The instructions on this page pertain to figures included in the main commodity, except where otherwise noted.

PLOS Anewaives all formatting requirements until your manuscript has received a provisional Editorial Accept decision.
In lodge to go along to publication, your figures must run into the requirements on this page. The more closely your figures adhere to these specifications, the more speedily your manuscript tin can be published once accustomed.

Figures as Supporting Data

Supporting information is auxiliary to the main content of the article. Supporting data figures are held to the requirements of all supporting information files. They have fewer requirements than figures that are included in the master article, and they need to be uploaded separately.

For full instructions, follow the supporting information guidelines.

Blot and Gel Reporting Requirements

The following requirements apply to whatsoever figures and supporting Information files that report blot or gel data. The underlying data requirement is in identify to ensure that the results are reported in a fully transparent mode, and that readers tin can verify results past reviewing the chief data in its original form. The original images also provide additional information for readers most background inside the experiment and the specificity of reagents used. The figure training guidelines that follow clarify PLOS ONE standards and requirements, and aim to ensure the integrity and scientific validity of blot/gel data reporting. If you have questions about these requirements delight electronic mail us at plosone@plos.org.

Original images for blots and gels

Authors must provide the original, uncropped and minimally adapted images supporting all absorb and gel results reported in an article's figures and supporting information files. Whilst it is not necessary to provide original images at time of initial submission, we will require these files during the peer review process or before a manuscript tin can be accepted.

Please follow these instructions when preparing and submitting blot/gel data files:

• Please create a single PDF file that contains all the original absorb and gel images independent in the manuscript's main figures and supplemental figures. We recommend using paradigm software (due east.yard. Gimp, Photoshop) to compile and comment the original images and and so exporting/saving as a tiff file with LZW compression. You lot could also use a PDF plan to build a unmarried PDF compiled from multiple annotated jpeg/tiff image files. We practice not recommend compiling the images in Powerpoint every bit resolution tin exist lost.
• The file should be named 'S1_raw_images' and uploaded every bit a Supporting Information file or deposited at a suitable publicly-available information repository, with the dataset identifier (DOI or other grade of persistent identifier) provided in the Data Availability Statement.
• Authors should label each raw blot or gel image to clearly comment the loading order, identity of experimental samples, method used to capture the image, and to specify which figure panel was generated from that original paradigm. Molecular weight markers should exist included or indicated on the raw image, and whatsoever lanes not included in the final figure should be marked with an "X" above the lane label on the original blot/gel prototype. All labeling and annotation should be performed without obscuring any data or background bands.
• Delight annotation, there is a 20 MB maximum file size. If your PDF size is larger, please use a suitable repository or discuss with the journal staff.

If whatsoever concerns arise most the availability of the original absorb or gel images or compliance with the figure training guidelines (see below), the submission will be placed on hold while this is resolved. A manuscript must comply with the in a higher place requirements, and the guidelines below, in guild to be published. If concerns are noted subsequently publication, periodical staff volition follow up with authors and correct the literature as needed.

Reporting blot and gel results

Authors must comply with the following guidelines when preparing figures that report results from blots (including, but not express to, western blots) and electrophoretic gels:

• In accordance with our Policy on Figure Preparation, the images should not be adjusted in any mode that could impact the scientific information displayed. The groundwork and contrast should not be modified to notably change the visibility of data, groundwork, or non-specific bands. Whatsoever adjustments to meliorate visibility of the information must be consistently applied to the entire image.
• Images in figures should not be overcropped around the bands of interest. Effigy panels should include some background area above and below bands. Whatever not-specific bands from the original image should be included in the figure and explained in the text or figure legend.
• When a comparative analysis amid bands is performed, all relevant samples should exist run on the aforementioned gel/absorb.
• Each figure should include all relevant controls, and when relevant, control samples should be run on the same absorb or gel equally the experimental samples.
• A figure panel should not include composite images of bands originating from dissimilar blots, exposures, or gels. If information from multiple blot or gel images are needed to illustrate the results, the dissimilar images should not exist spliced together; they should be clearly distinguished as separate panels within the figure and the legend should note that they represent different gels, blots, or exposures.
• If lanes from a single blot/gel paradigm have been rearranged in preparing a effigy, image splicing should be conspicuously denoted by vertical black lines on the effigy and the figure fable should provide details of how the figure was fabricated. This would be appropriate, for case, if fragments of the same original prototype were spliced together to re-lodge lanes or to remove irrelevant lanes.
• Please too see our guidelines on Preparing Figures from Image Files for further details.

Preparing Figures from Epitome Files

The following guidelines aim to assistance authors prepare high quality figures and avoid common errors that effect from inappropriate epitome manipulation. In preparing figures, image files should not exist manipulated or adjusted in whatsoever mode that could lead to misinterpretation of the information nowadays in the original prototype.

Delight read our requirements for reporting blot and gel data and uploading original epitome files. Additionally, if farther analysis is needed, please be aware that nosotros may also require you to supply u.s.a. with your original photographic images in the original file format and at the resolution at which they were outset created.

Avoiding inappropriate image manipulation

Nosotros realize that the extent to which figures can be changed as part of normal preparation tin pose a dilemma. Please refer to the general guidance below on aspects to consider when preparing your figures. If evidence is establish of inappropriate manipulation, we reserve the correct to ask for original information and, if that is not satisfactory, we may make up one's mind non to have the manuscript, and may also contact the authors' institutions to inquire them to assist with investigation.

For further information, image examples, and more detailed guidance we propose reading What's in a flick? The temptation of image manipulation (reprinted in the Periodical of Cell Biology, 2004;166(1):11-xv).

We are grateful to staff at theJournal of Cell Biology (Rockefeller Academy Printing) for their help in establishing these guidelines and procedures.

Mutual issues to avoid

The post-obit examples are all considered to be unacceptable prototype manipulation:

• The introduction, enhancement, movement, or removal of specific characteristic(s) within an paradigm

• Unmarked group of images that should otherwise accept been presented separately (for instance, from different parts of the aforementioned gel, or from unlike gels, fields, or exposures)

• Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color remainder that obscure, eliminate, or misrepresent whatsoever information, including non-specific signal or background details

Additional information:

• Spliced gels need a thin dividing line added to indicate the alteration. It is fine to remove a complete lane and splice the remaining lanes together, provided the spliced fragments originate from the same original image. In such cases, the alteration must be indicated in the figure by a thin white or black line between the juxtaposed pieces and must be described in the figure fable.
• Images must contain the background "noise" they originally contained. The groundwork should non appear as one uniform color. Do not "clean upwards" the groundwork of images with rubberstamp or "wipe" tools to improve the aesthetic appearance, or over-adjust the effulgence or dissimilarity so that the groundwork is removed.

Creating high-quality images

Poor-quality images may heighten effigy manipulation queries and/or result in requests to remake figures. Follow these tips for creating high-quality images:

• Ensure that your images have a resolution of at least 300 pixels per inch (ppi) and appear sharp, non pixelated.
• Be careful not to inadvertently reduce the resolution when creating a file in graphics editing software

When opening your paradigm file in graphics editing software, you have the option of setting the size and resolution of the epitome.Do not set the full number of pixels to be greater than that in the original epitome (due east.g., from the digital camera attached to your microscope) while keeping the paradigm size the same; otherwise, the calculator must create data for you that were not present in the original, and the resulting image is a misrepresentation of the original data. The resolution (ppi) can be increased only if the image size is reduced proportionately.

Figure File Requirements

The list below is an abbreviated summary of the figure specifications. Read the full details of the requirements in the corresponding sections on this page.

File Format	TIFF or EPS
Dimensions	Width: 789 – 2250 pixels (at 300 dpi). Height maximum: 2625 pixels (at 300 dpi).
Resolution	300 – 600 dpi
File Size	<10 MB
Text inside Figures	Arial, Times, or Symbol font only in viii-12 betoken
Figure Files	Fig1.tif, Fig2.eps, and so on. Match file proper name to caption label and citation.
Captions	In the manuscript, non in the figure file.

File Format	TIFF or EPS only. Should I choose TIFF or EPS?TIFF tends to exist easier to piece of work with than EPS. EPS files often have missing/corrupted fonts, oversized masks, stray points, and boxes, which can effect in errors and poor output.
Dimensions		Centimeters	Inches	Pixels at 300 dpi
	Minimum width	six.68	2.63	789
	Maximum width	19.05	seven.5	2250
	Height maximum At the summit maximum, the figure occupies the whole page and excludes the caption	22.23	8.75	2625
	"Dimensions" refers to the dimensions of the entire effigy, excluding any white space. The closer figures match these dimensions, the closer they volition meet expectations on publication. TIPS To align your figure with the text column of the PDF version of the commodity, arrive no wider than v.two inches (13.2 cm). Ensure that individual images meet the pixel dimensions indicated higher up when preparing and saving figures with slideshow software (like Powerpoint, OpenOffice, or Keynote). Make certain source images are 2,250 pixels broad if you want figures at full page width of 19.05cm. When adjusting the figure dimensions, be sure the Chain/Lock symbol is closed. This will maintain the width and pinnacle ratio of your figure. Become to Prototype → Properties(or Image → Information) to view image dimensions.
Resolution	Submit figures at the desired dimensions with a resolution no greater than300-600 dpi. The quality of a low-resolution effigy cannot exist improved by simply increasing the resolution in graphics software. To amend its resolution, re-create the figure from the kickoff. Resolution below 300 results in blurred, jagged or pixelated published figures. ​Resolution above 600 dpi may lead to resizing of the published figure. The quality of your figures is only as good as the lowest-resolution element present. If you lot created a 72 dpi line graph and placed it in a 300 dpi TIFF, the graph will wait blurred, jagged, or pixilated.
File Size	Submit files at a size of ten MB or less. Use the Pace tool for help resizing. If you elect not to use PACE, follow the instructions below to manually resize TIFF or EPS files. Reducing TIFF file size Save with LZW compression. Set resolution between 300-600 dpi. Flatten. A flattened TIFF has a single layer called "background" and has a smaller file size than a TIFF with "Layer ane". Reducing EPS file size Source images created in EPS format need to be compressed (in your compression format of selection) and should exist no larger than total page size. If your EPS files are however too large, convert them to PDF and so export to a compressed TIFF.
Text inside Figures	Use only Arial, Times, or Symbol font in 8-12 point.​ Exercise not include author names, article title, or figure number/title/caption within effigy files. That information will go into your figure explanation in the manuscript. Read more about submitting captions. Text within EPS figures Embed fonts, or convert them to outlines to prevent missing or improperly rendered text. In those files that are created in software like Matlab, open up Illustrator or Inkscape and convert text to outlines. You volition not be able to modify your text afterward it has been converted to outlines. Instructions for Illustrator i. Select all (Ctrl + A) 2. Shift + Control + O on PC (Shift + Command + O on Mac) Instructions for Inkscape 1. Select all (Ctrl + A) two. ​Shift + Ctrl + C
Multi-panel Figures	Place all panels from a multi-part effigy into a unmarried page and single file: Combine multiple panels into one page, or intermission them apart into separate figures. Renumber all figures and in-text citations accordingly. To create a multi-panel figure from individual files, use a presentation program such as OpenOffice Impress, Microsoft PowerPoint, or Keynote for Mac. Then convert to TIFF. To set up the page, utilise the values listed in Dimensions. Use an Insert tool to place figures. Do not elevate/driblet or re-create/paste images into the file, because this results in a 72 dpi image. If your figures have numerous pictures, charts, or small text, they will render best at a resolution of 600 dpi. Please meet the guidance on 'Preparing Figures from Image Files' and our policy on reporting blot and gel data and uploading original image files.
Color Manner	RGB (8 bit/aqueduct) or grayscale but.
White Space	A two-bespeak white infinite border around each figure is recommended to prevent inadvertent cropping of content at layout. Crop out excess white space around image content.
Orientation	Rotate and submit the figure in the orientation that you lot wish it to publish. Figures will be inserted into the typeset article in the orientation in which they are supplied. For example, if a vertical image is submitted in a horizontal orientation, it will be ready horizontally in the commodity.

Additional Requirements for TIFF

Layers	Flattened, with no layers. Figures with a unmarried layer named "layer 1" or "layer 0" are in fact layered.
Blastoff Channels	No blastoff channels.
Compression	LZW pinch is required. To utilize: In GIMP, use "Consign" instead of "Save As". Select TIFF as the format, and then select LZW pinch. In Photoshop, select "LZW pinch" and "Discard Layers, and Save a Copy."
Pages	We cannot publish TIFF figures that span multiple pages. To combine multiple figures onto a unmarried page, see Multi-console Figures.

How to Submit Figures and Captions

Your figures contain three elements: figure files, captions, and in-text citations.

When naming your figures, match the figure file name and the caption characterization with the corresponding in-text citations in the manuscript. Instance: a figure file named "Fig1.tif" should match the citation "Fig one" and the figure label "Fig one." in the caption.

Effigy files	Namefiles in numeric order with the format: Fig1.tif, Fig2.eps, then on. Uploadeach figure equally an individual file that is separate from the manuscript. If at any bespeak you modify the numbering lodge of your figures, be sure to update all effigy citations, captions, and file names appropriately.
Captions	​Placefigure captions in the manuscript text in read order, immediately following the paragraph where the effigy is beginning cited. Practice not include captions as part of the figure files or submit them in a separate document. Formatyour effigy captions. In that location are two required elements: figure label and figure title. Legends are optional. Label. Proper name effigy labels using Arabic numerals, and abbreviate the discussion "Figure" to "Fig" (e.g., Fig 1, Fig 2, Fig 3, etc.). Title. The championship should exist concise and descriptive. Restrict it to 15 words or less. Legend. Place the fable straight afterwards the title of the figure to which information technology belongs. Place any figure credits in the last sentence of the legend. Caption credit: Means JC, Venkatesan A, Gerdes B, Fan J-Y, Bjes ES, Price JL (2015) Drosophila Spaghetti and Doubletime Link the Circadian Clock and Calorie-free to Caspases, Apoptosis and Tauopathy. PLoS Genet 11(5): e1005171. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005171 Figure legends tips Be succinct: Avoid lengthy descriptions of methods. Draw the cardinal letters of a figure: provide a clarification of the figure that will allow readers to sympathise it without referring to the text. Describe each function of a multipart figure with with a lettered panel characterization: for example, (A) or (a). Ascertain all non-standard symbols and abbreviations.​
In-text citations	Cite figures with the format: Fig 1A, Fig 1B, Fig 2, Fig 3, etc. Cite figures in ascending numeric lodge upon start advent in the manuscript file. This includes citations to text boxes and tables. In the published article, figures are inserted co-ordinate to the placement of their first citation and explanation in the commodity. Lettered subparts of whole figures may be cited in any gild in the text if the beginning mention of each whole figure is in numerical gild. For example, you can cite any subpart of Fig 3 in whatsoever order (eastward.g., Fig 3C before Fig 3A), as long every bit Figs 1 and ii have already been cited.

Formatting Example

Please refer to our downloadable sample manuscript (PDF) to ensure that your figure captions, citations, and file names see our formatting requirements.

Tools for Figure Preparation

Although our staff tin can offer guidance and advice, PLOS does not provide graphics services.Preparation and final quality of figures is the responsibility of the author.

​Automatic figure assessment

PLOS provides a free, simple-to-use tool called PACE to help you review and set your figures for submission and achieve high publication quality figure presentation.

PACE will assess whether your figures meet our technical requirements by comparing each figure against our effigy specifications (run into Figure File Requirements). The tool can also convert figures to TIFF format, resize, and rename figures to our file naming conventions. In cases where PACE cannot process your figure file, the tool will provide you lot with a report of what it could not fix. Please note that figures must be captured between 300 and 600 dpi in social club for Pace to successfully process your figures.

Notation: Supporting Information figures should not be candy through Pace.

Please review your figures after Step's assessment to ensure that they adhere to journal figure guidelines and that they are not blurry or difficult to read.

To utilize PACE, starting time register equally a user.

Become to PACE now.

Software

If you prefer to gather figures with vector graphics, nosotros recommend that y'all apply Adobe Illustrator or Inkscape (gratis). These figures must be exported to EPS format per our requirements.

If you prefer to utilise raster graphics, the following free programs can both dispense and export TIFF files:

• GIMP
• Open Office

LaTeX

PLOS does not accept vector EPS figures generated in LaTeX. Submit TIFF or EPS figures created in standard software. Read about other software options.

Converting LaTeX-generated EPS figures to TIFF

1. Compile the LaTeX files into a PDF.
2. Open up the PDF in Photoshop, GIMP, or some other graphics program that enables TIFF.
3. Crop out the figure and export equally TIFF.

Creating Source Images with Specialized Software

While we cannot offering aid using the software in this section, the instructions below point the proper settings for creating specialized scientific images that see our effigy requirements.

SigmaPlot

Creating a PLOS compatible graph

1. First create your graph, and save it in SigmaPlot format.
2. From the Tools menu select Options. In the dialogue box that appears, click on the Folio tab. Set the Units to Millimeters (mm) and make sure the Graph Objects → Resize with Graph option is non ticked. Click OK.
3. From the file menu select Folio Setup. In the dialogue box that appears, click on the Margins tab. Gear up all the margins to 0.0 mm, so click Utilise.
4. Now click on the Page Size tab. Prepare the Width to 190.5 mm (or 132.0 mm for text column width) and the Elevation to 222.3 mm. Click OK.
5. Set the font size of all text to 8 pt, and the width of all lines to 0.2 mm. (Consult the SigmaPlot Help files for more than details, if needed.)
6. Resize your graph to fit within and make total use of the folio width bachelor.

Saving an prototype in PDF format

This is the preferred output format when using SigmaPlot. To make sure your image is saved in a uniform format, perform the post-obit steps.

1. From the File menu in SigmaPlot, select Print. In the Print dialogue box that appears, select Adobe PDF as the printer. Click on Properties.
2. Alter the Default Settings pull-down to Press Quality. Uncheck the View Adobe PDF results box if you don't want Acrobat to launch.
3. Click OK, then click OK. Pick where the PDF will exist created, and click Save.
4. Lastly, open the PDF in one of the following 3 programs to save the file in TIFF format: PACE, Photoshop, or GIMP.

RStudio

Consign figures from RStudio in EPS format. If you adopt to submit a TIFF file, utilise Pace to exercise the conversion and achieve a resolution of 300dpi. TIFF files exported straight from RStudio volition merely achieve a resolution of 72dpi.

• Prototype format: EPS
• Width: 789 pixels at minimum
• Cheque "Maintain attribute ratio"
• Submit in EPS format, or employ Pace to catechumen to TIFF

The table below provides the export settings and instructions for authors that choose to create TIFF source images with the software indicated.

Software	Settings and Instructions
Matlab	Knowing the target size of your prototype in inches and dpi, first catechumen the number of rows and columns in the image. 4.86 inches by 9.19 inches (a 1.5 column figure at maximum meridian) at 300 dpi corresponds to 1458 pixels past 2757 pixels. Alter your epitome to be 1485 by 2757. (Resize it, crop it, compute it differently, etc.) Then save your 1458 by 2757 paradigm as a TIFF file, specifying 300 equally the resolution. imwrite(my_image, 'figure_10.tif', 'Resolution', 300); function write Fig 300 dpi (figNo, fileName) %make the background white Set up(figNo,'colour','w'; f=getframe(figNo); colormap(f.colormap) imwrite(f.cdata, fileName,' Resolution', 300;
Prism	Export your graph with the following settings: File format: TIFF Resolution: 300 Color Fashion: RGB Size Make Width: vii.5 in Enable Pinch
Stata	Stata does everything at screen resolution (72 dpi). If you desire to have a panel that is one-half page width, export the image at 39.52 cm. For full page width, export at 79.25 cm.
ChemDraw	Export to SVG (Windows Version merely). The SVG format, like a PDF or EPS, is a vector based graphic format. GIMP and Photoshop will care for information technology in the same fashion every bit they would a PDF. Use Photoshop or GIMP to edit your figure.
PyMol	To get a 300 dpi PNG file for a 4.92 inch by 9.25 inch image, use the following settings. Ray-traced: Ray 1458,2757 Pnghires_ray.pdb, dpi=300 OpenGL: Draw 1458,2757 Pnghires_ogl.pdb, dpi=300
SPSS	Export a PDF, then bring that PDF into Photoshop or GIMP.
GeneSpring	Consign equally Prototype. Unit: cm. Impress Width: 19.05, Lock Aspect Ratio, Paradigm Resolution (in dpi): 600.
Minitab	"Salvage Graph As" with the following settings: Save as Type: TIF Colour: RGB Custom Resolution: 600

Maps

PLOS applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC By) license to all the works we publish. Read almost our licenses and copyright policy for figures.

When creating a effigy that includes a map, be certain to bank check the usage rights. Several sites provide maps that are compatible with CC BY licensing, including:

• USGS: all USGS maps are in the public domain
• SEDAC: many maps from SEDAC are available under an Open Access license
• World of Maps: may include maps in the public domain
• OpenStreetMap: OpenStreetMap map tiles are gratis to use every bit long equally they are accompanied by the following attribution statement: "Base map and data from OpenStreetMap and OpenStreetMap Foundation". Maps created using OpenStreetMap data must exist accompanied by the following attribution argument: "Contains data from OpenStreetMap and OpenStreetMap Foundation, which is made bachelor under the Open Database License."

A map that is free to download may be restricted in other ways. Do not use Google, Mapquest, or other copyrighted maps.

PLOS neither endorses nor takes responsibility for the maps or geodata from the above sites.

Policies

All figures must comply with PLOS policies roofing depictions of humans, and licenses and copyright.

Depictions of humans

Authors submitting manuscripts that include identifying or potentially identifying information must comply with our requirements for informed consent.

Identifying information includes, but is non limited to:

• photographs
• radiographs
• pedigrees (family copse)
• geospatial maps that can identify a specific location such every bit a house.

Read our guidelines for documenting informed consent. If you require farther information, please contact the periodical before submitting.

Licenses and copyright

Figures, tables, and images are published under the Creative Eatables Attribution (CC Past) license.

Exercise not submit any figures, photos, tables, or other works that take been previously copyrighted or that comprise proprietary data unless you take and can supply written permission from the copyright holder to use that content.

This includes:

• maps and satellite images
• slogans and logos
• social media content.

Read the full licenses and copyright policy.​

Contact

If you lot still have questions about how to set up your figures, please contact figures@plos.org for help.

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Source: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/figures

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